MOTS-c versus NAD+ and the mitochondrial peptide family
Every row cites its source. Where a cell reflects our own reading of the evidence rather than an external source, the row says so.
MOTS-c is marketed alongside other mitochondrial compounds. The comparison is useful mainly because each one fails a different evidence test, and knowing which failure applies changes what a buyer should ask.
| Dimension | Option | What it is | Gap | Status | Sister Url | Sister Note | Source |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| MOTS-c | Mitochondrial-derived peptide encoded in MT-RNR1, injected | Rich animal and human-genetics literature, zero published human dosing studies | Not approved; FDA identified no human exposure data; proposed for exclusion from the 503A list | - | - | source | |
| Humanin and SHLP1-6 | The other seven mitochondrial-derived peptides, encoded in the 16S rRNA gene | Same family, same preclinical-heavy pattern; humanin rose after exercise in the human study where MOTS-c only trended | Not approved | - | - | source | |
| NAD+ (sister site) | Coenzyme given by IV drip, shot or capsule | Its problem is molecular substitution: the credible randomized trials tested precursors such as NR and NMN, not infused NAD+ | Not approved; compounded under an interim FDA policy | https://nadplusrx.vercel.app | Our NAD+ reference site is currently served from a vercel.app address rather than a custom domain. | source | |
| CB4211 | A MOTS-c analog developed by CohBar | The only completed human program in this space, and it published nothing | Investigational; never approved | - | - | source |